Imagery and Symbolism in the Yellow Wallpaper - 764 Words

On my first reading of Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper, I found the short story extremely well done and the author, successful at getting her idea across. Gilman s use of imagery and symbolism only adds to the reality of the nameless main character s sheltered life and slow progression into insanity or some might say, out of insanity. The short story is written in first person and it is from our nameless character s writing s that we are introduced to her world and her life. It is through this that we see our main characters transition into a world that only she has access to. She changes dramatically from our first meeting while everyone else stays very flat and unaffected. This method is very effective in†¦show more content†¦It is the wallpaper, alive and a character in itself, that charges our main character s mind and helps her break free from the dull and husband driven life she has been living. The wallpaper itself, so marvelously described, becomes our storyteller s best enemy and best friend. More like a mirror, this yellow consuming wallpaper reflects what our main character is really going through and feeling and the woman that stirs and creeps within the wall is literally herself which is found out by us, the readers, when the housekeeper mentions the yellow stains on all of her clothes. She wants to tear the confining wallpaper down that holds this imaginary woman in just as she wants to tear the confining way of life her husband has chosen for her. The story continues to progress as she deconstructs and analyses the wallpaper until the climax when our main character locks herself in the yellow room to finally tear all of the wallpaper down so that the woman can never be put back and imprisoned forever. The story concludes with her husband fainting, and our main character creeping and paying him no concern at all except that once again he is in her way but this time, not able to stop her voyage along the wall and for the rest of her life. For some, this insanity seems without reason, but it is a long and overdue release ofShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892, is a great example of early works pertaining to feminism and the disease of insanity. Charlotte Gilman’s own struggles as a woman, mother, and wife shine through in this short story capturing the haunting realism of a mental breakdown.The main character, much like Gilman herself, slips into bouts of depression after the birth of her child and is prescribed a ‘rest cure’ to relieve the young woman of her suffering. Any use of theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn literature, there are many different components that create a timeless and classic text, such as personification, imagery, or symbolism. In some texts an author uses overbearing amounts of imagery to giv e us a vivid description of what is happening in the story, in others an author may give very little visual details, but instead incorporate countless allusions to help the reader better understand their story by alluding other popular works. Through the use of themes and symbols, however, an authorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper, has an autobiographical element to it. It was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The piece of work concentrates on many different aspects of literature. The Yellow Wallpaper, has an autobiographical element to it. It was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The piece of work concentrates on many different aspects of literature. It can be evaluated with ten different types of literary criticism: formalist, biographical, historical, psychological, mythological,Read MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper Short Story1174 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Analysis Short Story Fiction Whether a story is fictional or not there’s a significance to the author or anything that could relate to today’s society of life, back in time, or it’s a story written to entertain the reader. Some authors write stories to tell the reader how one must look deeper into their story to be able to interpret their story to fully comprehend and to realize how the author is trying to make a point. After reading â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the reader couldRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper908 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are two short stories that share similar themes and ideas. The authors’ use of point of view, symbolism, and imagery are different but still convey the same basic idea. Both stories cover the theme of marriage and share the idea that marriage is oppressive. The stories focus on two wives desperate to break from the control of their husbands. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the woman’s husband is a doctor therefore he believes heRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1205 Words   |  5 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written in 1892, is a short story told from the perspective of a woman believed to be â€Å"crazy†. The narrator believes her craziness to be a form of sickness. However, the narrator’s husband, John, believes her to be suffering from a temporary nervous depression. As the narrator’s condition worsens, she begins to see a woman moving from behind the yellow wallpaper in their bedroom. The wallpaper captures the narrator’s attention and as a result drivesRead More The Yellow Wallpaper1466 Words   |  6 Pagessurrounding. Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was first published in 1892, about a white middle -class woman who was confined to an upstairs room by her husband and doctor, the room’s wallpaper imprisons her and as well as liberates herself when she tears the wallpaper off at the end of the story. On the other hand, Crane’s 1893 Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the realist account of a New York girl and her trials of growing up with an alcoholic mother and slum life world. The imagery in Charlotte PerkinsRead MoreHumble Items that Trap a Woman Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesHumble Items That Trap a Woman Author Charlotte P. Gilman’s, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a complex short story that discusses the thoughts and feelings of a woman who is kept confined in a small upstairs bedroom by her husband. The woman suffers from depression and anxiety, yet her spouse whom is a physician claims that she is not terribly ill. Despite all the strange thoughts she acquires, she continues to force herself to accept her new life style and awkward place of living. As she comes to findRead MoreSymbolism Of A Street Car Named Desire And The Yellow Wallpaper1487 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism of One’s True Nature in A Street Car Named Desire and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† What is humanity s true nature? Are people basically good, or basically evil? Over the centuries, many people have tried to find the answers to these questions, to no avail. Author Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Tennessee Williams take a definite stance on the issues throughout their work, arguing that people are basically evil hiding their truths. Many times, this theme is obviously stated in the stories, but sometimes

Essay on Pure and Foolish Love in Othello - 1275 Words

Pure and Foolish Love in Othello Othello, the central character of William Shakespeares play is an excellent leader but a poor reasoner and foolish lover. The tragedy of `Othello is largely due to Othellos personality and life experience. Othello believes himself to be loved and respected by everyone around him as most people refer to him as the noble General Othello. Othello, after realizing his tragic mistake of murdering his innocent wife, Desdemona, claims he loved not wisely, but too well, this is an honest reflection of himself as his love was true and pure but also foolish. His lack of wisdom is because of his little experience in personal relationship and his role as a noble solider. Othello did love too†¦show more content†¦Othellos lack of wisdom in love is also due to him being a `Honorable soldier where his reputation foolishly clouds his logic and reasoning. Othello has a noble reputation and with that comes much pride, Iago notices this Horribly stuffed with epithets of war and use s it against Othello as any of his wisdom in love is lost when he learns of Desdemonas infidelity. Othellos honor and pride is hurt by his wifes so called unfaithfulness that naà ¯ve Othello feels he must act to restore his honor. For naught I did in hate but all in honour Othello says this to justify the murder of his wife. Othellos life as a soldier has forced him to always need to be in control and his reputation has come to mean everything to him. This need for control over his life and for and honorable reputation made Othello clueless in in relationship problems. When Iago created a problem between Desdemona and himself Othello dealt with the problem the only way he knew how as a soldier acting all for justice. The soldiers life that Othello had lived made him ignorant to love and unwise how to deal with personal problems and relationships. Othello was not wise in love because of little experience in relationships with woman but also his love for his friends was sometimes foolish. Othello had a great trusting love for his Ancient Iago, he and others often refer to him as Honest Iago and Othello believing that Iago has been helping him discover hisShow MoreRelatedTragedy in William Shakespeares Othello Essays816 Words   |  4 PagesTragedy in William Shakespeares Othello Othello is a unique play that exploits the extent to which a man is willing to make way for his selfish motives. The Othello was written in Elizabethan time, a time when a husband was allowed to murder his wife if his wife is cheating on him, not if he doubts or thinks that his wife is cheating on him. In this play Othello is the main character, who suspects his wife’s honesty. Misusing his man powers, he murders his wife becauseRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare886 Words   |  4 Pagesboth loyal to each other, were her only exemplars of marriage and love. Thus, when she is swept off her feet by the valiant Moor of Venice, Othello, she naively dreams of an immaculate matrimony in which quarrels, dominance, and violence are absent. In Shakespeare’s Othello, Desdemona’s imprisonment by her domestic life gives rise to damaging innocence, causing her to be blind to guilt and desire a perfectly requited yet unrealistic love; she submissively forgives Othello’s every insult until her dyingRead MoreRoles Of Women In Othello1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s tragic drama â€Å"Othello†, Shakespeare puts emphasis on the role of the female characters and their influence on the male protagonists. Othello’s love and jealousy regarding his wife made this play a tragedy. There are only three women in the play Othello; Desdemon a, Emilia and Bianca. The way in which these women behave and present themselves strongly reflects the ideological expectations of women within Shakespeare’s imagined Venetian society as well as the Elizabethan societyRead MoreThe Three Women Portrayed in Shakespeares Othello Essay618 Words   |  3 PagesThe basis of Shakespeare’s plays appears to focus mainly around the dominant male character and his conflicts, which tend to deal with a woman. There are only three women in the play Othello; Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca. The way in which these women behave and present themselves strongly reflects the ideological expectations of women within Shakespeare’s imagined Venetian society as well as the Elizabethan society in which he lived. This patriarchal Venetian society presented in the play depictsRead MoreA Student Sample Essay - Sighing Under The Sycamore Tree1103 Words   |  5 Pagesbed one tense evening, Desdemona launches into a foreboding melody about fo rsaken loves. As Desdemona releases the somber tune about abandoned affections, she mentions kinetic imagery, natural symbolism, and references a sycamore tree in order to foreshadow tragic events and to further accentuate Desdemona’s innocence. The sycamore tree mentioned in line 38 appears only briefly, but strengthens the plot about how love has driven the characters to the horrific upcoming events. The Sycamore tree is usedRead More‚Äà ºIago Is an Evil Genius‚Äà ¹ Discuss1135 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s play Othello, Iago is seen by many as an honest and trustworthy person, though in reality he is a man of deceit and malevolence. This duplicitous nature of Iago’s is arguably one of Shakespeare’s most intriguing antagonists. From the outset, the audience is immediately drawn in by his sinister, yet unclear motives by revealing to them – â€Å"I am not what I am†. Iago is truly an evil character: he is extremely immoral and wicked, associating himself with the devil. He shows noRead More Shakespeares Othello - The Character of Iago Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter of Iago      Ã‚   In Othello, by William Shakespeare, one of the most intriguing characters is Iago. At first glance he seems to be pure evil, but I think his actions are much more complex. Through thought-out words and actions Iago is able to manipulate others to do things that benefit him and move him closer to his goals. This character is consumed with envy and deceit that leads to theft and killing. Iago is the main driving force in this play, pushing Othello and the other charactersRead MoreOthello Character Analysis964 Words   |  4 PagesThe play written by William Shakespeare Othello, the Moor of Venice has many acts of jealousy, violence, and hatred, along with many characters that stand for different matters and that also have different beliefs. These characters go through tragedies which causes corruption for them all. Behind all of this madness is a character named Iago. Iago is an evil villain that causes harm to everyone that gets in his way. He cares for no one, yet he devotes his whole life to revenge, rather than justRead MoreEmili Othello 1162 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 2800: Great Works HMA 15 December 2015 Emilia’s Character in Othello Often within novels, plays or sorties, individuals are labeled to a certain category of character that fits an evident template. Emilia within Shakespeare’s Othello is unlike many of the other characters in that prospect as she is unique. Emilia has several different views and outlooks on the worldly matters, especially in comparison to say Desdemona or Othello whom respectively represent innocence and jealousy. The apparentRead MoreOthello as a Tragedy of Character1649 Words   |  7 PagesOthello as â€Å"A Tragedy of Character† â€Å"Tragedy of Othello/ The Moor of Venice† is a typical of classical tragedy and is regarded as the greatest work of William Shakespeare by many critics. While writing his play in 1604, Shakespeare adapted the story from Italian author Cynthio’s novella called Hecatammithi which was written in 1565. In order to bring a comment on play’s being â€Å"a tragedy of character† it’s necessary to emphasize on these points: general characteristics of classical tragedy, â€Å"Tragedy

Social and economic development in the Gulf - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about Social and economic development in the Gulf. Answer: Introduction Strategic business development is basically an investment made in organised mapping and networking of the surrounded ecosystem so that it yields transformational opportunities. Theoretically, every company is exposed to transformational opportunities but very few manage to undergo and identify themselves with the change. It might come into practice through equity financing, divestiture and acquisition of various products, companies, technologies and appropriate partnership (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). In this highly competitive environment it is more difficult to balance the stardom and uniqueness among competitors. Strategies are formulated to shape and polish the action plan so that long term goals and objective could be timely met. This newly added dimension represent a pivotal role in the increased coverage of business for any company. One of the prominent name and the largest hotel chain operator in Ireland is of Dalata Hotels. Throughout the country it has over 38 hotels, including the renowned name of Maldron and Clayton chains (Mattimoe, 2013). All the hotels under the brand name are rated as three or four star, which on a joint account include over 7,114 rooms. Initially, Dalata was customary In June 2007 by Pat McCann with an investment from TVC holdings plc. And Davy property holdings. In 2008, Dalata came out with the rebranding of its leased hotels under the shadow of its own brand (Maldron hotels brand). Dalata management services abbreviated by DMS was set up in 2009 in order to promote hotel operational as well as management expertise to its customers and banks. Dalata raised up to 265 million by the issuance of existing ordinary shares listed on AIM and ESM. In the meantime of May 2015, the group had ten of the hotels rebranded in its own portfolio by the name Clayton Hotels. In this regards, Moran Bew leys Hotel is one of the largest acquisition by the group representing the net value of 453,000,000 (Dalata hotel group plc. 2018). Main body: This report is prepared in context of Middle East region, country chosen as Dubai. The investable MENA Which is abbreviated form of Middle East/ North Africa region comprises of 11 diverse countries within it. Dubai is rated as the largest city of UAE, cosmopolitan and truly sinking city with diverse population of (2,106,177) from worldwide (El Mallakh, 2014).The country have young workforce in high ratio, rapid economic factor of growth, political and societal transitioning. Dubai enjoys the location of strategic importance and highlights as the biggest re-exporting hub bulging in the Middle East (Buckley, 2013). Its low operative logistical cost, outstanding infrastructure, liberal policies of government, zero crime rate and international outlook are key indicators for attracting investors. The economy of UAE is ranked as second largest in Arab with the gross domestic product rate of 3.4% in 2017. The standard of living of people is also high. Apparently by 2018, hotel occupancy in Dubai is expected to expand by whopping 77% (Katiri Fattouh, 2017). The industry will be pushing to limits by targeting over 20 million tourists by the end of 2020. General external environment In strategic forecasting, PESTLE analysis technique should be used for studying the long term repercussions. It will help to great extend in decision making process and allocation of resources. These factors are beyond the control of an individual, however after the careful analysis the former can mould the actions towards the schemed planning so that objectives are met (Paul, Yeates, 2014). PESTEL stands for Political factors The political environment is highly stable, rationally young and sovereign. Also, there are laws which govern the minimum wage rate for the labour, prevention of discrimination and sexual provocation. The tax rate vary depending on the star category of hotels and luxury granted. The ownership rate to foreigners are permitted up to 49% for limited liability companies and 100% in case of rest (Pestle analysis, 2018). The ruler of Dubai acts as vice presidency and have been governing the working of hotel industry in emirates. Economic factors Economic factors include dynamics such as taxation charges, economic growth, and rate of interest, inflation besides exchange. The economic environment which prevails in Dubai focuses upon capitalization of travellers, since they outflows great amount of money for services rendered in five star hotel property. The main source of revenue flow in Dubai is from tourism, financial services and real estate business. On corporate profits, the amount of taxation is nil. Custom duties are minimised to 4% with several exemptions. There is permission of 100% repatriation of capital and profits (Niblock, 2015). No control on overseas exchange, trade barriers and quotas. Social factors Dubai is the land of diversified cultures wherein people differ on the basis of demography, beliefs, and values. Variations in social factors have strong impact on demand of services by customers, which will be rendered by industry. Crime rate is near about to zero. Allowance of more than one marriage. Male contribute more than 70 % of expatriate population (Wolfsfeld, Segev Sheafer, 2013). Their preferences, language, culture followed, thoughts and background is also uneven, which provides hotel industry a diversified platform to serve and expand more in areas left untouched. Technological factors In order to prevent obsolescence and be technologically updated, the hospitality sector new to undergo the process of timely change. The prosperity which is possessed by this country allows it for procurement of newly added equipment and be in frontline (He Park, 2015). The diffusion of internet is high. Hotel industry should take into consideration that they have defined website and advertising policies representing their existence. It will also reduce the chances of losing the potential customers worldwide. In order to have the competitive advantages, there should very high information system. Hotel ambience should have digital HD TV, high speed internet, cameras of extraordinary quality and basic amenities of modernised technology which distinguishes their individuality. Ecological factors Environment is the leading part of everyones life which have direct impact. It is important to study these factors because the operations of any industry will grow in these ecological layers only. However in context of country like Dubai it has quite a hot, dry climate because of coastal areas (Bauman, Baird, Burt, Pratchett Feary, 2014). Apart from this, the clean and lively environment will drag more no. of tourist towards the country and thus the flow of hospitality sector will enhance. Legal factors The legal system in Dubai is landed upon principles of civil law and partial impact by Islamic Sharia law. Some by-laws are binding on customers safety, health and age law. Hotel industry is affected by possible influence of legal legislative law. However in contrast, the ruler of Dubai enact more of administrative law. The cases are heard by more than one judges, wherein juries do not apply. Dubai also have some free zones where law and regulations are different. These areas are best to conduct business as they have flexible conditions. 100% of ownership is granted to foreign companies, duty exemptions and major tax leverage. Also no limit on earning of profit and nil profit sharing (Davidson, Forsythe Knowles, 2015). Competitive environment The degree of various rivalry forces generating competitiveness in this industry covers their strength of operation, cost, product offering and positioning. The set of five forces which have impact on competitiveness are bordered in Porters 1980 work: barriers to entry, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers and sellers, and the rivalry among existing competitors (Grundy, 2006). Barrier in entry of new competitors: Since forth in Dubai hotel industry is already an established sector, the entrance of any new entrant is a challenging task as recognised players in this field already have upper hand (Desai, 2013). Thus, it is favoured to choose the gateways of merger or acquisition with a renowned name. Alternatively, for survival the emergence of new innovative idea is preferred. In the limelight of legal matters, there is no such complexities on entrance. Threat of substitutes: The extent of threat in this sector is comparatively low as substitutes cannot be much in quantity. The value addition in quality and number of services rendered is the reason for its competitive nature which make distinguished from the rest. Thus, for any new entrant it flourishes as an opportunity as UAE keeps on organizing various events in back to back years. Some of those popular in this list are Dubai international parachuting championship, shopping festival, trade fair, conferences and gulf cup. To cope up with the potency of this industry, strategic proposal is vital. Bargaining power of buyers Here in Dubai, generally people have the power of bargaining in their hands as the facilities rendered by large no. of established hotels are even. The customer have wide alternatives available in case of any dissatisfaction experienced (Alves, 2013). Customers now are finding the internet websites which will determine and negotiate the bargain-basement on their behalf. Thus, it can come out as a threat to new arrivals unless and until they have something extra and defined to serve the targeted customers. Bargaining power of sellers This serene comes into account when for a particular item the number of customers are more and suppliers are very few. Such suppliers include real state builders, suppliers of raw material and crockery, real decorators etc. As hotel industry is already established sector in Dubai, there are large no. of suppliers fulfilling the former requirements, therefore have less of bargaining power (Sharma Sharma, 2015). Rivalry among existing competitors There is massive competition in established names like Burj Al Arab, Sheraton Dubai creek and Dubai 7 star hotel etc. The customers loyalty is the major determinant in this industry which could be a threat for new entrants. For the survival in long run after the entry, the new player needs to provide something distinct and exceptional which could be favoured (Bowie, Buttle, Brookes Mariussen, 2016). The overall threat or power of these forces is high, it depends totally on the Dalata group how it showcase itself. Strengths cover picture-perfect location, an array of hotels, shoppers paradise, business hub and prevailing nightlife. The only weakness practiced is very expensive city. Therefore, cost of living is high. Highlighted opportunities include attractive medical and family tourism, host of worldwide events and real estate. Other growing nearby locations, pollution, excessive no of hotels, drugs and sex aggregate towards threat. Internal Analysis: Strategic Capabilities The new entrant should have technologically forward-looking management, timely procurement of resources, advertising and targeted perspective (Al-Ansaari, Pervan Xu, 2014). Defined channel which maintain database and billing should be formularized. Resource audit, distinguishing between basic and unique resources The variables of basic resources include Dubai is multi-purpose occupational hub and has emerging and dynamic market economies. It is one of the prominent re export center at strategic location. The resources which are common to all the industries operating in Dubai are its world class infrastructure facilities, warm welcoming nature of its residents and liberal political along with economic policies (Collins Mees, 2013). Competitive structure of cost and high standard of living of people. Crime rate is almost zero. Young blood with professional studies background are easily available. The local tradition of commercial business is strong as well as endless choices are available in respect of potential business partners. The foreign network in trade of goods and services is also extensive in nature. Unique resources head covers 100% of proprietorship is allowed to foreign companies, duty releases and major tax leverage (Savino Batbaatar, 2015). There is no limit on earning of profit and its sharing is also prohibited. Establishment of free zones so that weights could be granted to the new entrants. Analysis of core competencies Some other competencies which cannot be copied easily include the pioneering interior design of room, dining hall, reception desk, and outdoor structures like lawns, parking, and swimming pools etc. Competitors are required on their part to get into the process of redesigning and reconstruction which could be unique and of immense value. This could be stretched in specialization of wide variety of food and beverages also. In UAE, efforts should be inclined towards advertising plan for new hotel. Some lucrative packages like free city tours and discounts could be offered (Hejase, Hamdar Maraouch, 2014). Basis of competitive strategy:- Earning of profit over the long run is the sole purpose of any company. Dubai is occupied with endless number of hotels, hence in order to be successive the new entrant must be highly competitive in nature. The functional approach include proper process of procurement, effective and efficient handling of resources and moreover, strategized advertising plan to beat up the competencies (Thorpe Connell, 2013). As long as there are no switching costs, the dissatisfied customer will keep on changing his loyalty. Consequently, competition will continue to prevail. In context of Bowmans strategic clock model which states how a product should be positioned so that it could gain most of the competitive advantage. The prevailing dimensions are price and perceived value (Shakhshir, 2014). Low price and low addition of value This position is not much competitive in nature. The product over here are not differentiated. In case of dalata hotels, this position will not work as a new entrant it need to be inclined towards innovative steps to gain market in Dubai. Low price The framework of business positioning over here is to be the low cost leaders in the market. Initially the profit margin should be kept as low as possible in dalata group so that the volume of sales increases over a period of time generating profit in long run. Hybrid Hybrid positioning encounters low pricing strategy i.e. in relation to competition but on the same end some product differentiation is must. For the determined purpose of building up brand image in minds of consumers dalata group should keep reasonable price and unique product differentiation. The value addition should be in consistent manner. Differentiation The aim is directed towards delivering the highest level of perceived value addition to customers. However in Dubai, dalata group first need to build strong awareness of brand and then focus on achieving relatively prices because the customers over there is expected to have their own brand loyalty. Focused differentiation This position discloses that product should be kept at top most price levels, wherein the targeted customers get attracted by its perceived value. The luxury brands aiming to achieve premium prices go for this kind of positioning. Dubai have the luxury hotels up to 7 star whereas dalata ranges between 4 -5 star group. Hence, keeping the premium prices will not attract the customers as they have alternatives ranging beyond. Risky high margins Under this strategy, the business plans to set extraordinary prices without any value addition. Rarely does it happen that, people contribute towards profit and without serving anything extra. Even if it so, clients will find better positioned product at low price eventually. The market environment for dalata group in Dubai is least expected to undergo such phase. Monopoly pricing Under a monopolist market, the no. of business offering the particular product is only one. As a result they have the privilege of gaining dominancy and setting prices of their own choices. Dubai have highly competitive market penetration, subsequently the visualizing of dalata group to gain monopoly will not be possible in realistic terms. Loss of market share This position stands as a guidelines for any disaster which might occur in any competitive market. Likewise, it is offering of higher value for the same price to beat competitors. On entry, this positioning should not be focused. Dalata group can emphasis on the strategy of hybrid positioning, as it is expected to yield best of the result with the vision of capturing the major market share by offering distinguished services at low or reasonable prices. Conclusion and recommendations: The two vital factors which enable any hotel industry to distinguish themselves is good location for meeting the relative target market and quality of service. Dubai justifies the former part and latter is the story of dalata group. However, Dubai has already well settled hotel industry so the efforts of dalata group to be in highlights requires endless labour. On the same note once the group develops its brand image in the mindset of targeted customers than profits and success stories would be limitless. Dalata group should avail the opportunity emerging in Dubai in terms of scale, revenue and long term growth. The above mentioned forces of model must be carefully studied and actions for the entrance must be drawn in relevant context. In order to capture the market of Dubai, dalata group need to choose the location of free zone so that it can avail the hypnotic benefits, various tax redemption and should plan up tactfully for advertising strategy. References Al-Ansaari, Y., Pervan, S. and Xu, J., 2014. Exploiting Innovation in Dubai SMEs: The Effect of Strategic Orientation on Organizational Determinants.International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management,11(06), p.1450039. Alves, S., 2013. Innovation in Mature Markets: A View from Hotel Industry.Journal of Tourism,14(1). Bauman, A.G., Baird, A.H., Burt, J.A., Pratchett, M.S. and Feary, D.A., 2014. Patterns of coral settlement in an extreme environment: the southern Persian Gulf (Dubai, United Arab Emirates).Marine Ecology Progress Series,499, pp.115-126. Bowie, D., Buttle, F., Brookes, M. and Mariussen, A., 2016.Hospitality marketing. Taylor Francis. Buckley, M., 2013. Locating neoliberalism in Dubai: migrant workers and class struggle in the autocratic city.Antipode,45(2), pp.256-274. Collins, B. and Mees, I.M., 2013.Practical phonetics and phonology: A resource book for students. Routledge. Dalata hotel group plc. 2018. About us (Online). Available at https://dalatahotelgroup.com/about-us/ [Accessed on 10th march 2018]. Davidson, D.V., Forsythe, L.M. and Knowles, B.E., 2015.Business law: Principles and cases in the legal environment. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Desai, S.S., 2013. An analysis of the competitive marketing strategies of the hospitality industry in UAE.IUP Journal of Management Research,12(1), p.22. El Mallakh, R., 2014.The Economic Development of the United Arab Emirates (RLE Economy of Middle East)(Vol. 13). Routledge. El-Katiri, L. and Fattouh, B., 2017. A brief political economy of energy subsidies in the Middle East and North Africa.International Development Policy| Revue Internationale de politique de development,7(7). Grundy, T., 2006. Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter's five forces model.Strategic Change,15(5), pp.213-229. He, P. and Park, J. eds., 2015.Materials Science and Technology: Selected, Peer Reviewed Papers from the 2014 2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (AMSE 2014), October 1-2, 2014, Dubai, UAE. Trans Tech Publications. Hejase, H.J., Hamdar, B. and Maraouch, F., 2014. Hospitality Management Curriculum and Potential Market Competencies: An Assessment of the Compatibility of AUST Graduates with that of the Lebanese Hospitality Job Market.Journal of Scientific Research Reports,3(9), pp.1232-1270. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Mattimoe, R.B., 2013. Financial management skills in small tourism businesses: an exploratory study.Accounting, Finance and Governance Review: The Journal of the Irish Accounting and Finance Association,20(3), pp.37-63. Niblock, T. ed., 2015.Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East). Routledge. Paul, D., Yeates, D. and Cadle, J. eds., 2014.Business analysis. British Computer Society. Pestle analysis, 2018. A PESTLE Analysis of the UAE (Online). Available at https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-of-uae/ [Accessed on 10th march 2018]. Savino, M.M. and Batbaatar, E., 2015. Investigating the resources for Integrated Management Systems within resource-based and contingency perspective in manufacturing firms.Journal of Cleaner Production,104, pp.392-402. Shakhshir, G., 2014. Positioning strategies development.The Annals of the University of Oradea,977, pp.416-437. Sharma, M.G. and Sharma, K., 2015. UPSELLINGA HIGH REVENUE TECHNIQUE FOR HOTELS.SPC ERA IJBM,3(8). Thorpe, M. and Connell, J., 2013. Industry clusters, Dubai and the GCC: The antidote for growth and innovation after the GFC.Resources and competitive advantage in clusters, pp.97-112. Wolfsfeld, G., Segev, E. and Sheafer, T., 2013. Social media and the Arab Spring: Politics comes first.The International Journal of Press/Politics,18(2), pp.115-137.

Silicon Microchips Essays - Semiconductor Device Fabrication

Silicon Microchips Silicon is the raw material most often used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It is the second most abundant substance on the earth. It is extracted from rocks and common beach sand and put through an exhaustive purification process. In this form, silicon is the purist industrial substance that man produces, with impurities comprising less than one part in a billion. That is the equivalent of one tennis ball in a string of golf balls stretching from the earth to the moon. Semiconductors are usually materials which have energy-band gaps smaller than 2eV. An important property of semiconductors is the ability to change their resistivity over several orders of magnitude by doping. Semiconductors have electrical resistivities between 10-5 and 107 ohms. Semiconductors can be crystalline or amorphous. Elemental semiconductors are simple-element semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium. Silicon is the most common semiconductor material used today. It is used for diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, memories, infrared detection and lenses, light-emitting diodes (LED), photosensors, strain gages, solar cells, charge transfer devices, radiation detectors and a variety of other devices. Silicon belongs to the group IV in the periodic table. It is a gray brittle material with a diamond cubic structure. Silicon is conventionally doped with Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony and Boron, Aluminum, and Gallium acceptors. The energy gap of silicon is 1.1 eV. This value permits the operation of silicon semiconductors devices at higher temperatures than germanium. Now I will give you some brief history of the evolution of electronics which will help you understand more about semiconductors and the silicon chip. In the early 1900's before integrated circuits and silicon chips were invented, computers and radios were made with vacuum tubes. The vacuum tube was invented in 1906 by Dr.Lee DeForest. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, vacuum tubes were used to conduct, modulate and amplify electrical signals. They made possible a variety of new products including the radio and the computer. However vacuum tubes had some inherent problems. They were bulky, delicate and expensive, consumed a great deal of power, took time to warm up, got very hot, and eventually burned out. The first digital computer contained 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighed 50 tins, and required 140 kilowatts of power. By the 1930's, researchers at the Bell Telephone Laboratories were looking for a replacement for the vacuum tube. They began studying the electrical properties of semiconductors which are non-metallic substances, such as silicon, that are neither conductors of electricity, like metal, nor insulators like wood, but whose electrical properties lie between these extremes. By 1947 the transistor was invented. The Bell Labs research team sought a way of directly altering the electrical properties of semiconductor material. They learned they could change and control these properties by "doping" the semiconductor, or infusing it with selected elements, heated to a gaseous phase. When the semiconductor was also heated, atoms from the gases would seep into it and modify its pure, crystal structure by displacing some atoms. Because these dopant atoms had different amount of electrons than the semiconductor atoms, they formed conductive paths. If the dopant atoms had more electrons than the semiconductor atoms, the doped regions were called n-type to signify and excess of negative charge. Less electrons, or an excess of positive charge, created p-type regions. By allowing this dopant to take place in carefully delineated areas on the surface of the semiconductor, p-type regions could be created within n-type regions, and vice-versa. The transistor was much smaller than the vacuum tube, did not get very hot, and did not require a headed filament that would eventually burn out. Finally in 1958, integrated circuits were invented. By the mid 1950's, the first commercial transistors were being shipped. However research continued. The scientist began to think that if one transistor could be built within one solid piece of semiconductor material, why not multiple transistors or even an entire circuit. With in a few years this speculation became one solid piece of material. These integrated circuits(ICs) reduced the number of electrical interconnections required in a piece of electronic equipment, thus increasing reliability and speed. In contrast, the first digital electronic computer built with 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 50 tons, cost about 1 million, required 140 kilowatts of power, and occupied an entire room. Today, a complete computer, fabricated within a single piece of silicon the size of a child's fingernail, cost only about $10.00. Now I will tell you the method of how the integrated circuits and the silicon chip is formed. Before the IC is actually created a large scale drawing,

010 They Say and Process Professor Ramos Blog

010 They Say and Process Emails Quick Write What is the last thing that you remember having to learn? Who helped you? Emails Make sure to write the class and time in the subject line of your email. If you send in a homework assignment, make sure to include an appropriate title. To speed up grading, please copy and paste the homework into the email. For essays, add an attachment that has an appropriate name and title. Journals Journals are easy points to get, that are meant to help you in this class. If you do them, or attempt them, you earn the points. The first two journals asks that you answer some questions. We will continue to build on skills and incorporate them into the journals. Starting next week, you will be writing summaries of the readings. What is Literacy? Literacy the ability to read and write. Also, competence or knowledge in a specified area. Timeline Take out a piece of paper and turn it on its side. Draw a line across the middle. On the left should be the day you were born. On the right, write todays date. Now start filling it in with dates and important events in your life. After you are done, we will share these with a partner. What is the purpose of this you think? Literacy Sponsors According to Deborah Brandt,  sponsors of literacy are â€Å"any agents, local or distant, concrete or abstract, who enable, support, teach, model, as well as recruit, regulate, suppress, or withhold literacy- and gain advantage by it in some way.† Source In other words, sponsors can be anything that helps or hinders your literacy. For this class, I would like you to focus on Let’s come up with a big list of literacy sponsors. ? Shitty First Drafts The writing process is a very important concept that you need to learn. This will move you from writing ok papers to great papers. The first draft is the down draft. The second draft is the up draft. The third draft is the dental draft. They Say Chapter 1 argues that good academic writing responds to what others are saying. What â€Å"They Say† is important to include in academic writing and is one way we can include the conversation when we write. The chapter includes templates for introducing standard views, implied or assumed and ongoing debates. Why do you think they start out the textbook with this chapter? Why is it important to start with They Say? Free Write Pick one event from your timeline to think about more. How did you go about learning it?

College Essay Tips

College Essay Tips Writing an essay is simple with these college essay tips. If you take your time and utilize the college essay tips, the possibilities are endless for creating that excellent essay that grabs everyone’s attention. College essay tip #1- Come up with a focal point or a thesis. If you don’t do this then you run the risk of having a paper that strays from idea to idea without any direction. If this happens you will lose readers. College Essay Tip #2 - Coming up with facts and examples to prove your thesis is another of those important college essay tips. Just like in writing a story, try to prove this thesis in form of a story. Don’t just state bold facts and examples; show the reader by telling a story that leads up to your focal point. College Essay Tip #3 – Making your introduction the most important part of your essay. If the beginning of your essay moves slowly and hesitantly the possibility of losing your reader is strong. You need to spend time on the beginning and use every college essay tips you can think of to grab the reader’s attention and make them want to keep reading. College Essay Tip #4 - Be as original as possible in your writing. The college professors have seen so many of the same topics over the years. You can make yours stand out simply by utilizing creative writing. Make it interesting so that the reader doesn’t want to put it down. College Essay Tip #5 – Create pictures in your reader’s minds through your words. Try to write by appealing to the reader’s senses. By using imagery in words, you can capture anyone’s attention because you’ll be creating a movie in their heads. Remember, college professors have dedicated their lives to their subjects, and they are tremendously exited when their students display interest. College Essay Tip #6 – Use concise words to prove your point as opposed to making huge long sentences with words that the readers have to look up for their meanings. Readers tend to remain with what they are reading all the way to the end when the words flow together easily. If they have to stop and re-read a sentence or try to figure out the meaning of a word too often, they’ll likely put your manuscript down at some point out of boredom. College Essay Tip #7 – Proofread your essay before submission. Do not rely on your computer to proof your document for you because if you’ve misspelled a word in such a way that it reads like another word, the computer will recognize it as a word and not correct it. One example of this would be form and from. Both are legitimate words in the English dictionary but they have entirely different uses. Read your manuscript out loud to yourself or preferably someone else. This way, if you feel yourself getting to an awkward spot where it doesn’t flow, you’ll know that a change is needed. By utilizing some of the basic college essay tips, you’ll be able to write a successful piece that will have readers reading for more. This is especially true when you can get a professor to read with interest considering they read essays all throughout their careers. College essay tips can be extremely useful knowledge that can carry a student through their college years and onto their business lives.

Project Planning 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Planning 2 - Research Paper Example Introduction Project planning is normally stressful to human and resource managers since there are many requirements including adequate resources, skilled staff and other tools important for the project completion. Also required is the organizing and communication of the project plan, scope and procurement activities as well as the breakdown structures necessary for the success of the program. This paper contains a memo that communicates the budget situation to the team members, ways of improving underperforming team members and the action plan to bring the project back to normal. Memo To: Team members From: Mary Tranquillo, Human resource head for the team Date: March 14, 2013 Subject: Budget situation It has come to my attention that some this project of human resource of revamping the employee compensation and the package has started to develop issues. It is so unfortunate since time is not on our side since we have already lost six weeks and seems like most of the members are not dedicated. I have also noted that some of the members are not keen with deadlines, and this is contributing to the much drag in our project. As a result, our budget looks to have been depleted faster than anticipated. We must bring this budget to track as a group. I strongly feel that there is lack of motivation in the group. As a form of encouraging the team members, there will be rewards for the best individuals who will perform best. This will include contests, bonuses, time off payouts and promotions. In addition, the group will also benefit by getting a 5% share of the total profits they contribute to the company. However, appropriate measures will be taken against the poor performing members of the team since we require an energetic team who are ready to contribute to the success of the team. Best, Mary. Ways to improve an underperforming team member Compensating for results: These are the benefits to employees from the company for the efforts employed which are either moneta ry or other benefits. Compensation plans should be designed in a manner that motivates and encourages the team members. Many plans include large incentive component including bonuses, trips, cars, commissions and stock options (Andris A., Zoltners, Prabha K. et al. 2001, 269). Compensation will be an easy thing to do especially if the work done is measurable and comparable. The best team member will be determined through the measurement of the individual performance where the results are compared and the one performing best is rewarded. Other forms of reward whose nature is personal, special and also unique rewards tend to be even motivating more than cash alone. In order to determine how much a team member will be compensated, different factors will be considered. These include the contribution of the team to the total earnings of the company and the type of industry. Also benchmarking among different industries is important so as to approximate the right amount or type of compensa tion (Andris et al. 2001, 281) Improving Team Member Accountability According to Berry (2001), team work is normally beneficial to the company, but underperformance of one member is a drawback to the team and this can be worse if the members tend to hold each other accountable. If the team member fails to undertake actions that are useful to the needs of the team, then team member accountability becomes an issue of concern. There

Moral Implications of Media Violence and Its Affects On Society Research Paper

Moral Implications of Media Violence and Its Affects On Society - Research Paper Example The ability to produce and distribute independent content is among the most important rights in a democratic society† (Rand-Hendriksen: Long Version, 2011, par. 1). Despite support to freedom of expression, there is still a need to enforce gun control laws, for instance, where failure to restrict purchase and use have been proven to endanger the lives of children and those around them. As emphasized by President Clinton in response to the Littletons Columbine High School shootings, â€Å"access to weapons was greater in the United States than anywhere else in the world, and pledged to continue to work for legislation that would help keep guns out of the wrong hands† (CNN Politics, 1999). Media should also have the ethical responsibility to remind children of the danger of using guns and enforce strict restrictions to access and use through legislative policies that propose strict sanctions for violations. One therefore agrees that it is acceptable opinion based on moral reasoning to justify banning of violent content for programs that could be viewed and accessed by children and teen-agers on identified time slots, in addition to provision of classifying television programs to include strict parental guidance and restricted, as needed. According to a report published by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), â€Å"the problem is not that the broadcast TV networks can no longer discern contemporary community standards. The problem is that they long ago stopped caring much about these standards† (p. 16). It finally confirmed that â€Å"among those very important tasks are maintaining a decent society, protecting the privacy of the home, and protecting children† (Federal Communications Commission, n.d., p. 35). CNN Politics. (1999, April 22). Clinton discusses school violence with high schoolers. Retrieved August 21, 2012, from articles.cnn.com:

Social Injustice and Hispanophobia Research Paper

Social Injustice and Hispanophobia - Research Paper Example They sell out their races as well as their culture. The six characters of this play are objectively stereotypical and superficial. It is a dramatic play and brings out the prejudice that Mexicans face in America due to the misconceptions that Americans have on Mexicans. Theme is one of the, most important aspects of drama and in this drama there are six major themes involved. The central theme presented in this play is the theme on racism between Americans and Mexicans. Therefore Valdez finds humor as the significant way of passing his massage s as to avoid offending those involved and entertain the audience. Thus it expresses race issues through interesting play and conveys message in the form of comedy play. This way the writer is able to pass a sensitive, heavy and broad message in a simple and entertaining way. The theme of racism is well depicted in this play when a secretary from the Governor’s office buys a brown-skinned robot for the administration since it will appear good to have Mexican type on the staff. However the secretary rejects them since they do not have an American look. The issue of race prejudice and demands of the American culture leads to some Mexican American decide to overlook their race and separate themselves form own ethnic groups hence the play Los Vendidos (sell-out). Stereotyping Stereotyping is another theme explored in this play according to Helium (2). All the characters and their characteristics in this play embody the Mexican stereotype. The first character in the play is a farmworker and portrays the stereotype of farm workers in Mexico. He is the most ordinary and diplomat of the low class Mexican way of life in America. He only speaks Spanish since farm workers in Mexico do not know English (Glassvisage par 2). The farm worker consumes traditional meals such as beans consumed by fellow Chicanos in Mexico hence the stereotyping as suggested. Another character who represents stereotype is Pachuo who is a gangster in Mexican stereotype. He uses weapons to steal and he does not conform to the law so Miss Jimenez rejects him. His character of being a gangster is character for Mexicans who are prejudiced in America hence end up engaging in crime. Another stereotype is that of Revolucionaria who the older Hollywood reflection of a Mexican person is. He is mostly in western movies and he is seen as a romantic man whom women lust over and is used as marketing tool by most of companies. As a result he is one of the images the Mexican wants to take out of the American culture. The last implication of stereotype is through character Eric Garcia who is the perfect stereotype the Americans want about him. He acts like a Whiteman but still with his dark skin though he is an American-Mexican. He and other Mexican-American speak both English and Spanish which implies that they still posses the Chicano identity. They expected to be educated, hardworking and mannered in the right way to differentiate them from other Mexicans. Social Injustice and Hispanophobia The theme of social injustice is evident in this play and it is portrayed the oppression of Chicanos in America according to Helium (1). This oppression included racial prejudice and a lot of inequality as they tried to make life in America. This is well displayed when Miss. Jimenez chooses a model for the office through race rather than through ability, she refuses those models without the American look. The Mexicans do not have

Wire Metamaterials-Based Microring Resonator

Wire Metamaterials-Based Microring Resonator Wire Metamaterials-Based Microring Resonator in Subwavelength Structure Ahmed A. Ali, Mohanned J. and A. H. Al-Janabi Abstract In this work we present the possibility of building a subwavelength microring resonator by manipulating the unite cell in the wire metamaterials. The proposed structure consist of mesh of copper wires. Firstly linear waveguide, bended waveguide as well as beam splitter were investigated at microwave range (737 MHZ), then the full structure of microring resonator were tested using commercial finite difference package CST Microwave. Introduction Natural materials are made up by lots and lots of small elements like atoms and molecules. Some of these materials are amorphous, others are crystalline [1]. Our main interest is in the interplay of waves and materials restricted to classical physics, the key parameter is a/ÃŽ », where a is the distance between elements in the material and ÃŽ » is the free-space wavelength. Artificial materials in which atoms and molecules are replaced by macroscopic, man-made, elements [2]. All dimensions are bigger than those in natural materials. When the separation between the elements is comparable with the wavelength then we have the Bragg effect [3][4], and when the separation is much smaller than the wavelength then we can resort to effective-medium theory [4]. In the former case we have talked about photonic bandgap materials [5] and in the latter case about metamaterials [6]. Generally, PCs are composed of periodic dielectric or metallo-dielectric nanostructures that have alternating low and high dielectric constant materials (refractive index) in one, two, and three dimensions, which affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside the structure [7]. Due to this periodicity, PCs exhibit a unique optical property, namely, a photonic band gap (PBG) where electromagnetic mode propagation is absolutely zero due to reflection. PBG is the range of frequencies that neither absorbs light nor allows light propagation. By introducing a defect (point or line or both) in these structures, the periodicity and thus the completeness of the band gap are broken and the propagation of light can be localized in the PBG region. Such an outcome allows realization of a wide variety of active and passive devices for signal processing such as, add-drop filters, power splitters, multiplexers and demultiplexers, triplexers, switches, directional couplers, bandstop filters, bandpass filters, and waveguides. However, because of their wavelength-scale period, PCs result in large devices. This seriously restrains the range of applications, specifically in the low-frequency regimes where the wavelength is large. Metamaterials, on the contrary, possess spatial scales typically much smaller than the wavelength1 Since they were theoretically proposed by Pendry et al [8], and experimentally demonstrated by Smith et al.[9], metamaterials have attracted intensive research interest from microwave engineers and physicists in recent years because of their wide applications in super-lenses [6], [10], slow light [11], [12], optical switching [13], and wave guiding [14], [15] Metamaterials are usually studied under the approach of the effective medium theory and experimentally measured from the far field [4]. They are mainly considered for their macroscopic properties owing to the subwavelength nature of their unit cells. Recently, Fabrice Lemoult et al [16] have merged the wave guiding possibilities offered by PCs and the deep subwavelength nature of metamaterials by focusing on the propagation of waves in metamaterials made of resonant unit cells that are arranged on a deep subwavelength scale to go beyond the effective medium approximation. By manipulating the unit cell of the wire they were able to experimentally investigate the main components that can be used to control waves at the deep subwavelength scale: a cavity, a linear waveguide, bending as well as the beam splitter Here we were be able to model their system first using the CST Microwave studio. Then we would expand the work to built a ring resonator used as add-drop filter or to built the field up to gain the nonlinear effect. Firstly the frequency response for the system were measured for a mesh of 20*20 Copper wires with 0.3cm diameter and 1.2cm separation 40cm (a) and length by measuring the S21 between two discrete ports position on the opposite side of the system, as shown in the system configuration figure (1), then the result were compared with the same structure but with 37cm length as shown in figure (2). figure (1) structure for the system under consideration, 20*20 Copper wires Figure (2) S21 for the both wire lengths with the frequency selective line The scanned bandwidth was about 300MHz from (600-900) MHz, then a certain frequency (737MHz) were selected on which the short wires (37cm) would have maximum transmission and the longer ones (40cm) wires would have the lower transmission (band gap region slightly above the resonance frequency of fn=nC/2L, were n: an integer C: speed of light, L:wire length). Linear waveguide were investigated by shorting a single raw of wires (37cm) inside the 20*20 mesh of (40cm) wires and recording the field propagation on the waveguide as shown in figure (3), profile of the signal inside the waveguide illustrated in the inset give the waveguide width of ÃŽ »/32 Figure (3) subwavelength waveguide by shorting one row of the wires It clearly shows the weak propagation on the system due to weak interference between our unit cell, wires here,. Anyhow the counter plot for the waveguide, shown in figure (4), clearly shows the resonance around the short wires and forbidden propagation around long ones. Figure (4) subwavelength waveguide by shorting one row of the wires (contour view) To enhance the coupling between the unit cells (wires here) and increase the waveguide efficiency two adjacent rows of wires were shortened. The field map for the latter case were presented in figure (5). Figure (5) subwavelength waveguide by shorting two rows of the wires (showing good coupling) Bended waveguide and beam splitter were simulated also as shown in figures (6 and 7) respectively. Figure (6) subwavelength bended waveguide Figure (7) subwavelength beam splitter Finally, the complicated structure of microring resonator were molded as shown in figure (8) Figure (8) subwavelength ring resonator References [1]N. D. Ashcroft, NeilW. and Mermin, Solid state physics, First. Orlando, FL: Saunders College Publishing, 1976. [2]D. Smith, W. Padilla, D. Vier, S. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, â€Å"Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,† Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, no. 18, pp. 4184–7, May 2000. [3]C. J. Humphreys, â€Å"The significance of Bragg’s law in electron diffraction and microscopy, and Braggs second law.,† Acta Crystallogr. A., vol. 69, no. Pt 1, pp. 45–50, Jan. 2013. [4]B. A. Slovick, Z. G. Yu, and S. Krishnamurthy, â€Å"Generalized effective-medium theory for metamaterials,† Phys. Rev. B, vol. 89, no. 15, p. 155118, Apr. 2014. [5]S. Arismar Cerqueira, â€Å"Recent progress and novel applications of photonic crystal fibers,† Reports Prog. Phys., vol. 73, no. 2, p. 024401, Feb. 2010. [6]J. B. Pendry, â€Å"Negative Refraction Makes a Perfect Lens,† Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 85, no. 18, pp. 3966–3969, Oct. 2000. [7]E. Yablonovitch, T. Gmitter, and K. Leung, â€Å"Photonic band structure: The face-centered-cubic case employing nonspherical atoms,† Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 67, no. 17, pp. 2295–2298, Oct. 1991. [8]W. J. Pendry, J.B.; Holden, A.J.; Robbins, D.J.; Stewart, â€Å"Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena,† IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, pp. 2075–2084, 1999. [9]S. Shelby, R.A.; Smith, D.R.; Schultz, â€Å"Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction,† Science (80-. )., vol. 292, pp. 77–79, 2001. [10]N. Fang, H. Lee, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, â€Å"Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens.,† Science, vol. 308, no. 5721, pp. 534–7, Apr. 2005. [11]Q. Bai, C. Liu, J. Chen, C. Cheng, M. Kang, and H.-T. Wang, â€Å"Tunable slow light in semiconductor metamaterial in a broad terahertz regime,† J. Appl. Phys., vol. 107, no. 9, p. 093104, May 2010. [12]R. Singh, C. Rockstuhl, F. Lederer, and W. Zhang, â€Å"Coupling between a dark and a bright eigenmode in a terahertz metamaterial,† Phys. Rev. B, vol. 79, no. 8, p. 085111, Feb. 2009. [13]H. Kind, H. Yan, B. Messer, M. Law, and P. Yang, â€Å"Nanowire Ultraviolet Photodetectors and Optical Switches,† Adv. Mater., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 158–160, Jan. 2002. [14]A. Wang, A. Tuniz, P. G. Hunt, E. M. Pogson, R. A. Lewis, A. Bendavid, S. C. Fleming, B. T. Kuhlmey, and M. C. J. Large, â€Å"Fiber metamaterials with negative magnetic permeability in the terahertz,† Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 115, Apr. 2011. [15]A. Argyros, â€Å"Microstructures in Polymer Fibres for Optical Fibres, THz Waveguides, and Fibre-Based Metamaterials Open Access Library.† [Online]. Available: http://www.oalib.com/paper/2813112#.U_EI7mPFNDQ. [Accessed: 17-Aug-2014]. [16]F. Lemoult, N. Kaina, M. Fink, and G. Lerosey, â€Å"Wave propagation control at the deep subwavelength scale inmetamaterials,† Nat. Phys., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 55–60, Nov. 2012.

Aeneas and His Ghosts :: Aeneas Presentation

Aeneas and His Ghosts The Aeneid Written by Virgil Translation by Fitzgerald I.Pious Aeneas (his background and key characteristics) †¢Mother is Venus (the Greek Aphrodite) Page 54, Book II, Lines 775-777 â€Å"Stepping before me, radiant through the night,My loving mother came: immortal, tall, And lovely as the lords of heaven know her.† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Favored by Jupiter† Page 164, Book VI, Lines 190-193â€Å"†¦ A few Whom a benign Jupiter has loved or whom Fiery heroism has borne to heaven, Sons of gods, could do it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †¢Fated oThe gods respect his fate. Page 11, Book I, Lines 319-322 â€Å"Surely from these the Romans are to come In the course of the years, renewing Teucer’s line, To rule the sea and all the lands about it,According to your promise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ï‚ §He will found the land where Rome will later stand. Page 12-14, Book I, Lines 352-354, 373-375 â€Å"No, he, your son – now let me speak of him, In view of your consuming care, at length, Unfolding secret fated things to come-† â€Å"And call by his own name his people Romans. For these I set no limits, world or time, But make the gift of empire without end.† ï‚ §He is fated to go to the Underworld. Page 164, Book VI, Lines 214-217 â€Å"Pull away the bough. It will come willingly, Easily, if you are called by fate. If not, with all your strength you cannot conquer it, Cannot lop it off with a sword’s edge.† †¢Receptive and Open. oAeneas constantly looks for signs from the gods as to what his actions should be and listens/ follows through when he is nudged in the right direction. Page 110, Book IV, Lines 545-551 â€Å"Duty-bound, Aeneas, though he struggled with desire To calm and comfort her in all her pain, To speak to her and turn her mind from grief, And though he sighed his heart out, shaken still With love of her, yet took the course heaven gave him And went back to the fleet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  oIn all his interactions with his crew, wife, father, Dido, other leaders, the gods, etc., Aeneas listens instead of tooting his own horn (Odysseus), knowing there is a lot to be gained from others. †¢Aeneas is dutiful. oBrings the household gods. Page 65, Book III, Lines 16-18 â€Å"†¦I took to the open sea, Borne outward into exile with my people, My son, my hearth gods, and the greater gods† oCarries Anchises from Troy on his back and holds his opinion in high regard. Page 55, Book II, Lines 829-830 â€Å"†¦I looked for him at once, My first wish being to help him to the mountains;† Page 58, Book II, Lines 921-924

Aquatic Flora of Pulicat Lake Essay

Pulicat lake derived its name from a vernacular name ‘Palaverkadu’ means plants with many number of roots. Those plants are mangroves with aerial roots called Pneumatophores. The word mangrove is considered to be a combination of the Portuguese word â€Å"Mangue† and English Word â€Å"Grove†. These are salt tolerant plants and are rich in this area and might be the reason for that name. The lake harbours rich and valued floristic wealth because of its varied ecological habitat viz., salt marshes, canals, mangroves, islands, low lying areas etc. A careful study of literature revealed that the lake has hardly received attention by the botanical explorers and hence it has remained botanically under-explored so far. But its fauna was extensively studied by many zoologists Nanda Kumar et.al . A.R.KSastry and T.A. Rao (1973) in their extensive study on the flora and vegetation of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, have recorded about 15 species from the island of the lake. Pulicat lake derived its name from a vernacular name ‘Palaverkadu’ means plants with many number of roots. The lagoon’s boundary limits range between 13.33 ° to 13.66 ° N and 80.23 ° to 80.25 °E, with a dried part of the lagoon extending up to 14.0 °N.; with about 84% of the lagoon in Andhra Pradesh and 16% in Tamil Nadu. The large spindle-shaped barrier island named Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal. Area Three major Rivers which feed the lagoon are Arani river, Kalangi river and Swarmukhi river. The Buckingham Canal, a navigation Channel is part of the lagoon on its western side. It is connected to the sea through three tidal inlets, one each at Tupilipalem, Rayadoruvu and Pulilcat villages respectively, from north to south. Study was undertaken in the Pulicat lake and data of aquatic flora collected by frequent visits during 2009-2010. Close up Photographs of as many as possible and associations depicting the richness of the macrophytes of the lake were taken. Herbaria of various aquatic plants also collected for future reference. Herbaria-specimens are preserved at N.B.K.R. Medicinal Plant Research Centre, Vidyanagar, Nellore District. Results and Discussions Brackish water is more saltier than fresh water and less saltier than sea water. Hence it is biologically more productive than either freshwater or sea water. It shows very rich aquatic population diversity including free floating, submerged, suspended, marginal, amphibious plants along with halophytes and mangroves. Region of pulicat lake includes salt marshes, canals and mangroves. Salt marshes often inundated by backwaters are mostly occupied by halophytes. They include Aleuropous lagopoides, Etriplex repens, Cressa cretica, Crotalaria retusa, Cyparus haspan, Fimbristylils ferrugenea, Salilchornia brachiata , Sesuvium portulacastrum Etc. Similar halophytic species scattered along the banks of Buckingham canal and Vapenjeri canal flowing with brackish water. Halophila ovalis popularly called sea grass belong to the family Hydrochariticeae appear prominently all along the margins Buckingham canal. Small mangrove pockets are located at two places namely near Vepenjeri canal close to Chandrasikuppam, and near Chengalpalem. Four species of mangroves belonging to four families are prominent over here. They include Aegiceras corniculatus of Myrsiraceae, Avicennia marina of Aviceiniaceae, Excoecaria agallocha of Euphorbiaceae and Lumintzera racemosa of Combretaceae. They develop pneumatophores in response to oxygen deficient conditions Significance of macrophytes to the lake: Macrophytes provide cover for fish and substrate for aquatic invertebrates, produce oxygen and act as food for some fish and wild life. Established mangrove roots provide an oyster habitat and slow water flow, there by enhancing sediment deposition. The fine anoxic sediments under mangroves act as sinks for a variety of heavy (trace) metal with colloidal particles in the sediments scavenged from the water. They protect coastal areas from erosion, storms and tsunamis. Their massive root systems are efficient at dissipating wave energy. Conclusion A decline in the macrophytic population may indicate water quality problem. They may be the result of excessive turbidgidy, pollutants including herbicides or salinization. It may lead to a major socio economic problem. One village in Tamilnadu was protected from tsunami destruction. That village is Naluvedapathy planted 80.244 saplings to get into the Guinness Book of World Records. This created a kilometer wide belt of trees of various varieties. When the tsunami struck, much of the land around the village was flooded but the village escaped form minimal damage. Many conservative methods have to be practiced to protect the macrophytic flora of the lake.

5 Business Jobs You Can Do Without a Business Degree

5 Business Jobs You Can Do Without a Business Degree There are lots of good reasons to attend business school, but if you havent gotten that far yet (or dont plan to), there are still lots of business jobs that you could get with just a high school diploma. Most of these jobs are entry-level positions (you wont start out as a manager), but they pay a living wage and could provide you with valuable career development resources. For example, you could receive on-the-job training that could help you improve your communication skills or master software programs. You might even acquire special knowledge in a concentrated area like accounting, banking, or insurance. You may also be able to meet important business contacts or mentors that could help you advance your career later on. An entry-level business job can also give you the experience you need to successfully apply to an undergraduate business degree program. Although most programs at the undergraduate level do not require work experience, it could still help to strengthen your application in several ways. To start with, youll have worked with a supervisor who can give you a recommendation letter that highlights your work ethic or achievements. If your entry-level job offers opportunities to take on a leadership role, youll be able to gain valuable leadership experience, something that is always important to admissions committees who are looking for candidates who are potential leaders.   In this article, were going to take a look at five different business jobs you can get without a business degree. These jobs require just a high school diploma or the equivalent and could really help you advance your career or education in banking, insurance, accounting, and business fields. Bank Teller Bank tellers work for banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. Some of the duties they perform include processing cash or check deposits, cashing checks, making change, collecting bank payments (like car or mortgage payments), and exchanging foreign currency. Counting money is a big aspect of this job. Staying organized and keeping accurate records of every financial transaction is also important. A degree is almost never required to become a bank teller. Most tellers can get hired with just a high school diploma. However, on-the-job training is almost always required to learn how to use the banks software. With enough work experience, entry-level tellers can move up to more advanced positions like a head teller. Some bank tellers also go on to become loan officers, loan underwriters, or loan collectors. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that median annual wages for bank tellers exceed $26,000. Bill Collector Nearly every industry employs bill collectors. Bill collectors, also known as account collectors, are responsible for collecting payments on due or overdue bills. They use internet and database information to locate debtors and then contact debtors, typically via phone or mail, to request payment. Bill collectors spend most of their time answering debtor questions about contracts and negotiating payment plans or settlements. They may also be responsible for following up on negotiated resolutions to ensure that the debtor pays as agreed. Most employers are willing to hire bill collectors who have just a high school diploma, but computer skills can increase your chances of getting hired. Bill collectors must follow state and federal laws related to debt collection (such as the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act), so on-the-job training is typically required to ensure compliance. Most bill collectors are employed by professional, scientific, and technical service industries. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that median annual wages for bill collectors exceed $34,000. Administrative Assistant Administrative assistants, also known as secretaries, support the supervisor or staff of a business office by answering phones, taking messages, scheduling appointments, preparing business documents (like memos, reports, or invoices), filing documents, and performing other clerical tasks. In large companies, they sometimes work in a specific department, such as marketing, public relations, human resources, or logistics. Administrative assistants that report directly to an executive are often known as executive assistants. Their duties are usually more complex and may involve creating reports, scheduling staff meetings, preparing presentations, conducting research, or handling sensitive documents.  Most administrative assistants do not start out as executive assistants, but instead, move up to this position after acquiring a few years of work experience. The typical administrative assistant position requires just a high school diploma. Having basic computer skills, such as familiarity with software applications (like Microsoft Word or Excel), can increase your chances of securing employment. Many employers provide some type of on-the-job training to help new employees learn administrative procedures or industry-specific terminology. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that median annual wages for administrative assistants exceed $35,000.   Insurance Clerk Insurance clerks, also known as insurance claims clerks or insurance policy processing clerks, work for insurance agencies or individual insurance agents. Their primary responsibilities include processing insurance applications or insurance claims. This may involve communicating with insurance clients, either in person and over the phone or in writing via mail or email. Insurance clerks may also be tasked with answering phones, taking messages, answering client questions, responding to client concerns, or recording cancellations. In some offices, insurance clerks may even be responsible for processing insurance payments or keeping financial records. Unlike insurance agents, insurance clerks do not need to be licensed. A high school diploma is typically all that is required to earn a position as an insurance clerk. Good communication skills are helpful in securing employment. Most insurance agencies offer some form of on-the-job training to help familiarize new clerks with insurance industry terms and administrative procedures. With enough experience, an insurance clerk could pass the required exam to earn a state license to sell insurance. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that median annual wages for insurance clerks exceed $37,000. Bookkeeper Bookkeepers use bookkeeping or accounting software to record financial transactions (i.e. money coming in and money going out). They commonly prepare financial statements like balance sheets or income statements. Some bookkeepers have special duties beyond keeping a general ledger. For example, they may be responsible for processing a companys invoices or payroll or preparing and tracking bank deposits.   Bookkeepers work with numbers every day, so they must be good with basic math (like adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing). Some employers prefer job candidates who have completed finance courses or bookkeeping certificate programs, but many are willing to hire candidates who have just a high school diploma. If on-the-job training is provided, it typically involves learning how to use a specific software program or mastering industry-specific skills like double-entry bookkeeping. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that median annual wages for bookkeepers exceed $37,000.

Social Revolutionaries essays

Social Revolutionaries essays Social Revolutionaries believed the force to overthrow the czars would come from the peasants. Their goal was that government that would distribute the land fairly among the peasants. They wanted to replace the czar with a democratically elected government. The Social Democrats convinced future revolutions would be led my an urban working class. They wanted to overthrow czar government, PLUS spark a worldwide Marxist revolution. The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks followed Lenin that Russias working class was too small and poorly educated to stage a revolution so they needed a tiny group of Marxists to guide them. In the revolution of 1905, workers, about 200,000, and their families, went to the czars to ask for better working conditions, personal freedom, and an elected national legislature. But Nicholas was not at the place; instead, his general and police chiefs were. They ordered the soldiers to fire on the crowd. Instantly, 500 to 1,000 people were killed. That day could not be erased. The peoples demands could no longer be ignored and the czar promised for more freedom, and approved of the Duma, which consisted of leaders who wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy. After three months, he got rid of it and sent the members home. Stalin was one of the men besides Trotsky who tried to succeed Latin. He was a party secretary and was responsible for hundreds of appointments. When Lenin realized that Stalin was the bad guy, it was already too late, for Stalin had enormous power in his hands. Stalin outlined a 5-year plan for the development of the USSR economy. It was made to limit the production goods, and was made to enhance the state-owned mines, heavy industry, railroads, and energy sources. He also made an agricultural revolution which was way more brutal than his 5-year plan. He abolished 25 million small farms and would be replaced with collective farms&ap...

Project Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Project Leadership - Essay Example and implementation of the new training management system, as well as monitor company-wide training attendance and identify people who are â€Å"out of compliance.† Besides, I also predict the resistance that I may face from departments, such as manufacturing, who will be required to use tools they have never used or refused to use before. I am confident on my abilities that I will be able to overcome their resistance through a systematic approach. I know that the resistance is basically because as of now they were exposed to instructor-led training, and they often have shunned implementation of any web-based system. They also have a fear that their responsibilities as Department managers’ will increase. They will be required to learn how to use the system to assign courses to their direct reports and monitor the timely completion of the courses. Though my responsibilities during the initial stages will be challenging I am confident on my abilities and my strengths to overcome these situation. With my current experience as a Manager of the Information Technology department and also my previous experiences I am sure to rise up to your expectations. As a manager the following will be my roles. I will be solely responsible for this project and its successful completion. I will be working in close association with my associates and ensure that adequate resources are applied. I will also have the responsibility to utilize the resources in a most efficient manner and complete the project successfully on time. I will also take this opportunity to plan and tailor methodology to reflect the project needs. Besides I will also be responsible for regular reviews of project status, set standards for training, monitor progress, and also maintain records up-to-date. The most important qualities required by a manager are interpersonal skills, organizational skills, good communication, efficient problem solving skills and professional training. I am confident that with my

Civil War Amendments to the Constitution Research Proposal

Civil War Amendments to the Constitution - Research Proposal Example This feat is hardly attained by many constitutions across the globe. This paper expounds on the Civil War Amendments to the constitution. According to Bond (1997: 14), Civil War Amendments were made to address the welfare of African Americans in the United States. In particular, the amendments addressed the civil rights of African Americans and they marked the first attempts to accord equal rights to all American citizens, irrespective of their color, race and political affiliations. The Civil War Amendments to the constitutions are contained in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments (Bond, 1997:35). The Thirteenth amendment that was ratified shortly after the Confederates surrendered in Virginia legally abolished slavery, which had been practiced in the country for long periods, and it was one of the major points of contention in the civil war. According to, Hoemann (1987: 37) the Thirteenth Amendment was the culmination of the Emancipation Proclamation that had earlier been drafted to bequeath African Americans the freedom from enslavement. It was approved in the Congress on January 31 in 1865 and it was ratified eight months later in December 6 of the same year. This amendment consists of two sections (Maltz, 1990,:45).

Unforgiven as an anti-wester western Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unforgiven as an anti-wester western - Essay Example They are particularly interested in fulfilling their objective of no- interference from getting money. This portrays the westerners as men of leisure. Their motivation is self-centered, fulfilling their calling that was to accomplish their mission of killing the Cowboys. Although, to some extent, a material gain can be viewed as secondary in the film, Munny is in need of money. Apart from the farm, he has a family to support. His passion is no longer gun fighting. Munny has â€Å"abandoned that life and only returns to it for what life can offer him, an opportunity to make a fresher start with his family† (David, 49). He gives Beauchamp an account of the story. In the process, he relates what he believes to be a western hero. According to him, accuracy and coolness of head, rather than speed, make a western hero. This makes the film anti- westerners since there are revenge and mistreatment of women. , also personal gain among individual that their primary objective is to get money (David, 33) The Beauchamp is also painted as lonely and somehow melancholy (Kamir, 95). Munny faces Little Bill as well as his disputes singlehandedly, which is quite usual in the western. However, their loneliness is not imposed on them by their situations. Rather, it belongs to them intimately and testifies to their completeness. At the beginning of the movies, Munny has two partners (David, 32). They somehow leave him as results of the film’s narratives developments. Both the Kid and Ned abandon the gunfighter lifestyle. Munny to some extends ends up alone since that is what required by the genre, lonely hero. The film also concerns the generic convention of the Western The film can be witnessed as a version of the west which conforms to heroic modern lives done by most westerns (David, 53). It poetry’s a west that is modernized after losing all its wildness, to the point of reconcilability. Apparently, these changes appear

The Crucible Assignment Essay Example for Free

The Crucible Assignment Essay Give an account of the moments of extreme tension at the end of Act 3 and their impact on the audience. You must explain in detail the parts played by: Mary Warren, Abigail Williams, Danforth, Hale and particularly John and Elizabeth Proctor.  In this part of the play Mary Warren has been brought to the court by John Procter to testify that the she and the other girls have been pretending that people in Salem have been sending out their spirits to hurt the girls and that all the fainting and cold winds harming them were produced of their own accord. Mary however will be feeling very confused, upset and probably quite vulnerable as she cant benefit from testifying or from continuing the lies. On the one side she has promised John Proctor that she will tell the court the truth to help Proctor free his wife from prison and possibly free the other people from the death penalty of denying witchcraft. On the other side however Mary is afraid of Abigails wrath for telling on her. Earlier on in the play Abigail threatened I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it. She had threatened this to scare any of them telling the courts that they had danced in the woods. Mary also knows that Abigail is very clever and quick even though she has only witnessed a part of Abigails malice when the girls were threatened. Mary seems weak even before she is questioned as she sobs when Mr Danforth speaks to Mr Francis. Danforth comments that she is not hearty and Proctor agrees and bending down to Mary he tells her to remember about what God said to an angel about telling the truth so as to strengthen her spirits and feel that she is back on the right side of God for telling the truth. By coming down to her level as he says this he seems to give her the comfort almost of a father to a daughter. However as soon as Mr Danforth begins to question her she begins to break down. By her second answer her voice has already weakened. As the questioning continues she deteriorates until she is barely audible. She does pick herself up though when she is asked if she is a liar she replies No, sir I am with God now. This makes Danforth angry as it means that he has a battle to determine if all the girls are lying or if Mary alone is lying. Which ever way Mary chooses she is told by Danforth that she will face a perjury charge and go to jail because as he sees it she was either lying in the first place about anybody sending their spirit out to hurt her and therefore there may be no witches in Salem at all and the court may have hanged innocent people, for which all the girls will be committed of perjury and punished or he thinks that maybe she can still see spirits attacking her but chooses to say that she doesnt in the hope that Elizabeth Proctors charge of witchcraft will be dropped and she will be freed. In this case only Mary will be committed of perjury and sentenced. When Mary is told this she simply cries that she is with God repeatedly and then sobs. At this point the other girls accusing people of witchcraft enter the courtroom. There will have been tension in the audience as Danforth has been questioning Mary and they may have felt that Danforth was beginning to believe Mary but as the girls enter the room the audience will immediately sense an increase in tension because included in the group of girls is Abigail, the ringleader and the audience will sense the coming of almost a battle between the two girls each trying to earn the trust and belief from Danforth. Danforth turns from Mary and asks the other girls if any of them will admit that they have been lying about seeing spirits. He asks Abigail Williams to answer for all the girls and she predictably says that they have not been lying. Danforth then sees that he is now going to have to do some hard questioning and gives both the girls a chance to change their positions, claiming to be telling the truth, but both refuse. So Danforth proceeds to question Abigail. Abigail simply denies the implications of Danforths questions or throws them aside as lies. He is obviously the one with the most power as far as law and rules are concerned but it seems that Abigail has more power over him from the way she speaks to him, she almost commands respect from him. I think this is shown especially when she speaks the line: [with a slight note of indignation] It is a lie sir To which Danforth pauses before speaking which seems to show a surprised reaction and I think he does respect her because it has to be remembered that Abigail is only 11 at this time and for any 11 year old to speak with such tones and maturity would be something unusual and interesting to Danforth I think and immediately gain his respect. To make a powerful comparison would be to compare 18yr old Mary Warren to 11yr old Abigail. Abigail is by far Marys junior but is so clever that she can make Mary fear her. Mary doesnt have any of Abigails boldness either which also gives her a disadvantage. Abigail combines her age, beauty and brains to make herself a very fearsome opponent. It becomes obvious that she has Hathorne and Parris on her side and they try to influence Danforth to believe Abigail. Whereas trying to tell the truth there is only Mary, Proctor, Cheever and, the only man of law on their side, Mr Hale.

Greek History Essay -- Essays Papers

Greek History "In this book, the result of my inquiries into history, I hope to†¦preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of our own and of the Asiatic peoples†¦." With this "mission statement" Herodotus introduces his Histories, the first recorded history text in the western world. Using fragments of the past he reconstructs a picture of the whole; the objects of his researches included first-hand accounts and tales passed down through generations, physical remains and artifacts, and his own intelligence and creativity. Using sources such as these (though he cites nothing), Herodotus describes the foundation of the Theran colony of Cyrene, ca. 630 B.C.E.. In compiling this account, he may have used the colony's foundation decree. The facts given in this decree, which we know through a fourth century B.C.E. inscription, agree with those given in the Histories. The authenticity of this decree is strong. The decree could not have been the only source Herodotus consulted, for while certain details in the Histories agree with the foundation decree, Herodotus gives an account of Cyrene's founding containing much more description. Both accounts begin with Apollo's oracle at Delphi urging the Therans to found a new colony in Libya, on the coast of northern Africa. Already Herodotus' account goes into much more detail than the inscription. The inscription tells only that, on the oracular advice, Thera sends Battos with colonists to Libya. Herodotus, however, records how the Theran king Grinnos chose Battos, not a Theran by birth, to be the leader of the colonists. Herodotus' account continues with a description of a long delay in the found... ...Works Cited addendum to the Histories, and scholars have often maligned his work for taking many liberties with sparse evidence to flesh out the work. Such scholars can, however, use facts and artifacts known to modern archaeology to confirm his writing, and the inscription of the Theran decree does verify the Histories on several counts. Other aspects of the events related in the Histories, such as Herodotus' record of the dead at Marathon, archaeologists have proven through research and excavation. Alone the colonization decree cannot completely prove the truth of Herodotus' account, for he provides many aspects to the story which lie beyond the scope of the decree, but it does serve to reign in the skepticism with which several classicists regard the Histories. BIBLIOGRAPHY Demand, Nancy. A History of Ancient Greece. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

How culture influences human development Essay

This essay is an attempt to show how culture influences human development and interpretation of the world. Therefore, to start with this essay will define culture by different scholars. It will then show the types of culture and give a brief account on what culture constitutes (characteristics of culture). Furthermore, the concept of human development will be discussed briefly to give the reader a more clear understanding of the topic at hand. With clear examples, the essay will then show how culture influences human development and their interpretation of the world. Finally, a conclusion summarizing what the essay will discuss will be drawn. The attempt to define culture is elusive as many may suggest. Nevertheless, there are certain paradigms that constitute the sum total of culture and underlie cultural images and identity construction. It is the close affinity between cultural image and human identity that makes the definition of culture complex. The most complex and yet comprehensive definition of culture is that arrived during the ‘Mondiacult’ in Mexico city which has continued to be the most operationalised definition of culture: ‘Culture is the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material and intellectual features that charactorise a society or social group. It includes not only the arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of human beings, value systems, traditions and beliefs.’ Young Kate (1993) in a report said, culture is seen in the African social context as transcending the arts or artifacts, folklores, literatures, music, dance and other artistic paraphelia. According to Taylor (1996) culture refers to the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share. Culture distinguishes one human group from others. It also distinguishes humans from other animals. A people’s culture includes their beliefs, rules of behavior, language, rituals, art, technology, styles of dress, ways of producing and cooking food, religion, and political and economic systems. Culture can also be defined as a set of values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors shared by a group of people, communicated from one generation to the next via language or some other means of communication (Barnouw, 1985). An American sociologist Ogburn has divided culture into two parts: Material culture which consists of tangible things and tools used to express the way of life such as machines, dwellings, manufacture of goods and transportation; and Non material culture which consists of non tangible aspects such as norms, values, customs and practices that are exhibited in social institutions such as the family, religion, economy and education. Some of the characteristics of culture is that it is symbolic, meaning it is based on symbols or abstract ways of referring to and understanding ideas, objects, feelings, or behaviors-and the ability to communicate with symbols using language; it is shared meaning people in the same society share common behaviors and ways of thinking through culture(Bodley ,1997); it is learned socially (Archer, 1996); it is adaptive, that is to say people use culture to flexibly and quickly adjust to changes in the world around them (Findely, and Rothney, 2006); it is social meaning culture does not exist in isolation; it is transitive as it is transmitted from one generation to another; and it is continuous and cumulative because it exists as a continuous process. Various people understand human development on a wide variety of aspects. Human development can be intellectual, biological, social, economical, and many others. Human development involves all the individual’s activities starting from birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, through to adulthood. Therefore, human development and people’s view of the world during all these stages of a person’s life is influenced by people’s exposure to various cultures in so many ways. Usually when a child is born, it is born into a particular family that has a certain way of life. Members of this family will have a language they usually use, type of food they usually eat, religion or church they are part of, a way they dress, a type of people they interact with, types of social  activities they engage in, and so on. All this is part of their culture as a family. That child will grow up and adapt to that culture because the family is its first agent of socialization. As the child grows and develops into an adolescent, then into an adult, his or her view of the world will greatly be influenced by this socialization of the family. The way in which he or she will interact with others will depend on how he or she has been brought up to do. Some individuals are shy and reserved while others are talkative. In the past, the African culture socialized girls and women to maintain their place which was in the kitchen and to be respectful towards men. In as much as this was a form of gender inequality, this culture also brought some form of human development as the men went out to provide for their families as well as develop their communities, while the women stayed at home cooking, taking care of the children and doing household chores which is a form of human development (social) were socializing of the children is involved. So, in this type of way of life the women interpreted or viewed men as being superior over them and the men viewed the women as being their helpers. However, over the years this sort of view has changed (though not everywhere) due to the fact that culture is not static, it is an adaptive mechanism that constantly adjusts to satisfy human biological and social needs. Because of this dynamic tendency of culture, cultural communities continue to change as do individuals. A community’s history and relations are part of cultural process which intern lead to various human developments. A good example that can be cited is that of the Khoi Khoi and san people of the past who hunted and gathered food for their survival. It is very rare to find any kind of people in this day and age who still follow that kind of lifestyle. Culture is not the same everywhere, it varies greatly and this great diversity can sometimes be confusing to others. For instance, the thought of children handling knives makes many American parents very nervous, yet toddlers in some parts of Africa safely use machetes. Similarly, infants in middle-class communities in the United States are often expected to sleep  alone by the time they are only a few months old while many low and middle-class Zambian children typically share their mother’s bed through their toddler years. These striking differences in child rearing practices reflect the diverse range of what is considered developmentally appropriate for children around the world, depending on their cultural circumstances (Roggof, 2003). Therefore, people from, say, these two types of societies will interpret child rearing practices differently from one another. Another example by Barbara Roggof (2003) which results in a great difference in interpretation due to the diversity of culture is the comparison between the United States and Mayan community in Gautemala. The United States is a highly age-segregated society, with children spending much of their time away from activities of adults. That segregation removes children from important opportunities to observe and learn from elders by participating in valued community activities, said Roggof. In contrast, in the Mayan community in Gautemala, children often learn through the process of observation and supportive guidance as they engage in community activities. Young Mayan girls, for instance, regularly observe women weaving complicated patterns because weaving is a daily household activity. Experienced weavers watched for their daughters to express interest and then set up a simple project beside their own which allows them to offer, what Roggof calls ‘guidance embedded in activity’. So unlike in the United States community were learning is often pegged to age and managed in specialized child settings, instruction in this Mayan community is generally triggered by the child’s interest in becoming involved in valued family community activities. This shows that human development in some cultures is influenced by age, while in others by interest. Cultural diversity shows that there are different viewpoints and ways of interacting with the world as there are cultures (Young, 1993). However, cultural difference may sometimes become problematic. Because different people are part of different cultures and backgrounds, people tend to see or interpret things through their background. ‘That is, culture acts as a filter, not only when perceiving things, but also when thinking about  interpreting events.’ For example, Mary Banda may interpret Aisha Yusuf’s habit of over spicing her food whenever she is cooking as a sign that Aisha is not a very good cook as she uses these spices as a disguise of her lack of talent. Mary might even conclude that people from her own culture are better cooks than that of Aisha’s because she does not need spices to make her food taste good. Mary Banda, in this example, is interpreting someone else’s behavior from her own cultural background and based on her own beliefs of culture and behavior. This is an act of ethnocentrism, which is the viewing and interpretation of the behavior of others through one’s own cultural glasses (Giddens, 1989). This is a form of biasness which is also closely linked to stereotypes. For example, suppose someone is having a conversation with another person from a culture different from their own. While he is talking to this person, he notices that she does not really make eye contact with him when he speaks. Also, she does not really look at him when he speaks. On the few occasions when her eyes look his way, she quickly averts her gaze if their eyes meet. From his cultural background he may interpret that she does not feel very positive about his interaction. He may even put off and reject any attempts at future interactions. He may not feel trusting or close to her. But she may come from a culture were direct gazing is discouraged or even a sign of arrogance. She may actually be avoiding eye contact not because of any negative feelings, but because of difference and politeness to him. Of course these potential problems have real and practical implications in everyday life. Such scenarios may occur in a job interview, in a teaching or learning situation at an elementary school, at a business negotiation, or even in a visit with a doctor. It is always hard for people to separate themselves from their own cultural backgrounds and biases to understand the behaviors of others. However, this is not to say that all cultures are different or diverse. There are always cross-cultural tendencies or behaviors that are shared in most cultures. For instance, in most cultures people burry their dead, celebrate at weddings, mourn at funerals, name their children, wear clothes (do not  move naked), and many others. CONCLUSION In conclusion, culture is basically people’s way of life or way of doing things or even way of thinking. Be it how they comb their hair, dress, worship, eat, time they sleep at night, and so on. Culture is material and non material, and therefore, influences a great deal of people’s lives. This influence of culture can be on their human development from birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, through to adulthood. Jean Piaget talked about four stages human beings pass through as they develop. These include the sensory motor stage (0-23 months old), pre-operational stage (2-7 years old), concrete operational stage (7-11 years old) and formal operational stage (11 years and above). Through all these stages, human development occurs in various ways. And this can be intellectually, socially, economically, and biologically. It can also influence how people interpret the world or other people around them as illustrated in the few examples in mentioned in the text. 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